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In Search of Glowing Mushrooms | Bioluminescence in Goa’s Western Ghats

In the monsoon forests of Goa, I set out in search of something that only reveals itself after dark — bioluminescent fungi and mushrooms. When we think of colour in nature, we usually think of the day: butterflies, flowers, grasses, and the shifting greens of the forest. Colour is light reflected back to our eyes. But some life forms create their own light. This natural phenomenon, known as bioluminescence, is faint, rare, and visible only in complete darkness. This film is about my search for that glow in the Western Ghats. On the edge of the Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary, I spent several days in heavy rain trying to photograph glowing fungi and mushrooms. Some nights were spent waiting by tree trunks that looked ordinary by day but came alive with glowing green light at night. Other times, I focused on smaller mushrooms from the Mycena group — delicate, fragile, and glowing faintly under the canopy. Photographing bioluminescence came with challenges. The light is too dim for standard video, so I used long exposures and time-lapse sequences to capture the transition from day to night. I tried wide perspectives to show the trees that hosted these fungi, and macro close-ups to reveal their detail. Rain was constant — damaging for cameras, yet essential for bringing the fungi out. At times, unexpected elements like stray torchlight or changes in weather added their own mark on the images. The mystery remains: why do mushrooms glow? We know the chemistry — molecules inside them react with oxygen, releasing light instead of heat. But the purpose is still not clear. Some scientists suggest the glow attracts insects that help spread spores. Others think it acts as a warning to protect them from being eaten. And some believe it may simply be a byproduct of their metabolism. That uncertainty is what makes ongoing research so important. My friend Omkar is studying these mushrooms in Goa, describing species that may even be new to science. I am deeply grateful to him for his guidance and support during this trip. The has shot the timelapses of the mushrooms too. I also want to thank Kuldip and Manjit from Mrugaya, whose expertise helped me find the glowing trees in these rainforests. This journey has been about more than photographs. It has been about chasing a rare light in the dark, and about the questions that still surround it. The Western Ghats are full of such stories — some familiar, some waiting to be told.

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In Search of the Dancing Frog | Amboli, Western Ghats

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Exploring Goa’s Hidden Plateaus: Snakes, Frogs and Monsoon Magic